CL 9/19

  1. biological determinism – shared behavioral norms, and the social economic differences between human groups—primarily races, classes, and sexes—arise from inherited, inborn distinctions and that society, in this sense, is an accurate reflection of biology
  2. two sources that have supported theme of biological determinism- craniometry (or measurement of the skull) and certain styles of psychological testing
  3. What have biological determinists invoked when it comes to the issue of race? invoke the traditional prestige of science as objective knowledge, free from social and political taint
  4. According to Gould on page 53, biological determinism is useful for: B. groups not in power
  5. According to Gould on page 53, for the adherents of biological determinism, changes to a social and political system based on a racial caste system seen as an extension of nature is: D both b and c- a huge cost for enormous cost to society economically and individuals psychologically
  6. Gould’s arguments against biological determinism begin by attacking which two fallacies? (page 56) A. reification and ranking
  7. In the last paragraph of page 56, what does Gould write is his book is about (his explanation continues onto page 57)? abstraction of intelligence as a single person/ ranking
  8. Finish this sentence, which can be found on page 59: “In most cases discussed in this book, we can be fairly certain that biases– though often expressed as egregiously as in cases of fraud- were unknowingly ___influential and that scientists believed they were pursuing unsullied truth___.
  9. On page 60, Gould describes biological determinism as a theory of limits. What does he mean by that? ranking is wrong, forces people to feel like they need “to be” somewhere [in the rank, intellectually] and someone should not excel in life just because of their “fortunate” biology

plessy questions

  1. the laws passed constitutional standards but were not equal for black vs whites
  2. he knew they couldn’t make a clear statement as to who was what race
  3. he was 1/8 black so the judge couldn’t be bias
  4. he was arrested for violating “equal but separate”
  5. civil and political rights protect an individuals freedom, social rights are fundamental rights
  6. an effort to push back against discrimination against African Americans
  7. abolished slavery
  8. whites?

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